Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Potential Therapeutic Skin Microbiomes Suppressing Staphylococcus aureus -Derived Immune Responses and Upregulating Skin Barrier Function-Related Genes via the AhR Signaling Pathway
doi: 10.3390/ijms23179551
Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional microbiomes modulate ROS-induced keratinocyte apoptosis via dual AhR/Nrf2 signaling and induce epidermal terminal differentiation. ( a ) Heatmap showing AhR signaling, Nrf2 signaling, and skin barrier-related genes stratified by SA abundance. ( b ) Measurement of mRNA levels of AhR , ARNT , CYP1A1, and PTGS2 relative to 18S rRNA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to control group (HaCaT). # p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001 between S. hominis R9 and C. avidum R-CH3. ( c ) Measurement of mRNA levels of NFE2L2 , NQO1, and HMOX1 relative to 18S rRNA. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to control group (HaCaT). ### p < 0.001 between S. hominis R9 and C. avidum R-CH3. ( d ) Boxplots of gene expression values for FLG , LOR, and CLDN1 stratified by an abundance of C. avidum in the Pso cohort. ** p < 0.01 between S. hominis R9 and C. avidum R-CH3. ( e ) Measurement of mRNA levels of AHR , CYP1A1 , NFE2L2, and OVOL1 relative to 18S rRNA in SA and SA and C. avidum treated groups with or without AHR gene silencing in HaCaT cells. *** p < 0.001 compared to each si-control group. ( f ) Measurement of mRNA levels of FLG , LOR , IVL, and CLDN1 relative to 18S rRNA in SA and SA and C. avidum treated groups with or without AHR gene silencing in HaCaT cells. *** p < 0.001, ns: not-significant compared to each si-control group. ### p < 0.001 between SA treatment group and C. avidum R-CH3 treatment group after SA treatment in AHR -silenced HaCaT cells. Statistical significance was calculated using Bonferroni tests.
Article Snippet: The human skin keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, was purchased from PromoCell (Heidelberg, Germany).
Techniques: Functional Assay, Control, Gene Expression